Shearing machine the most detailed, comprehensive and authoritative professional review

Plate shears

plate shears (English: plate shears; guillotine shear is a machine that cuts a sheet with a reciprocating straight motion from one blade to another. Through the moving upper blade and the fixed lower blade, the shear force is applied to the metal sheet of various thicknesses with a reasonable blade gap, so that the sheet is broken and separated according to the required size. Shearing machine belongs to one of the forging machinery, the main role is the metal processing industry. Products are widely used in aviation, light industry, metallurgy, chemical industry, construction, shipbuilding, automobile, electric power, electrical appliances, decoration and other industries to provide the required special machinery and complete sets of equipment.

Main classification

Special shearing machine

Use more with other equipment to complete special purposes:

1 Cold forming line shearing machine: for example, the special shearing machine configured on the production line of automobile longitudinal beam cold bending line, compartment side baffle line, color steel plate forming line, etc.

2 Steel structure production line shearing machine: mainly used for Angle steel, H-shaped steel automatic production line to complete the shearing process;

3 Plate opening line shearing machine: used for plate unwinding and leveling line, in order to meet the fast cutting requirements of the production line designed high-speed shearing machine, thick plate line for hydraulic high-speed shearing machine, plate line with more pneumatic shearing machine; High-speed line equipped with flying shears, continuous production, high efficiency.

Inclined blade shears

The upper and lower blades of the shearing machine form an Angle, and the upper blade is generally inclined, and the inclination Angle is generally 1° to 6°. The shear force of the inclined blade shears is smaller than that of the flat blade shears, so the motor power and the weight of the whole machine are greatly reduced, and the practical application is the most, and the manufacturers of the shears produce more such shears.

Flat blade shears

The shear quality is good, the distortion is small, but the shear force is large and the energy consumption is large. More mechanical transmission. The upper and lower blades of the shearing machine are parallel to each other, and it is often used for hot cutting of raw billet and slab in rolling mills. According to its cutting mode, it can be divided into upper cutting type and lower cutting type.

Multi-purpose shearing machine

1 Joint punching and shearing machine: it can complete the cutting of the plate, and can also cut the profile, which is mostly used for the blanking process;

2 Sheet metal bending and shearing machine: that is, two processes of shearing and bending can be completed on the same machine.

Working principle

After shearing, the shearing machine should be able to ensure the straightness and parallelism of the shearing surface of the cut sheet.

And minimize sheet distortion to obtain high-quality workpieces. The upper blade of the shearing machine is fixed on the tool holder, and the lower blade is fixed on the work table. A supporting ball is installed on the work table so that the sheet material will not be scratched when sliding on it. The rear stop is used for plate positioning, and the position is adjusted by the motor. The press cylinder is used to press the plate to prevent it from moving during shearing. Guardrail is a safety device to prevent workplace accidents. The return trip generally relies on nitrogen, which is fast and has a small impact.

Operating procedure

First: earnestly implement the relevant provisions of the "forging equipment through operating procedures".

Second, conscientiously implement the following supplementary provisions:

1 Do it carefully before work:

1) Before the empty running test, a working trip should be manually turned first, and the equipment can be started after confirming that it is normal. [1]

2) Equipment with hydraulic device, check the oil storage tank should be sufficient. After starting the oil pump, check whether the valve and pipeline are leaking, and the pressure should meet the requirements. Open the valve to drain the air from the system.

2. Work hard to:

1) Do not cut laminated sheet material, do not trim the edge of raw edge sheet material, do not cut the narrow sheet material and short material that is not tight.

2) The gap between the blade should be adjusted according to the thickness of the plate, but not greater than the most 1/30 of the plate. The tool plate should be tight and firm, the upper and lower tool plate faces should be parallel, and manual turning inspection should be applied after adjustment to avoid accidents.

3) The cutting edge of the blade should be kept sharp. If the cutting edge becomes dull or has a cracking phenomenon, it should be replaced in time.

4) When cutting, the material pressing device should firmly press the sheet material, and it is not allowed to shear in the state of non-tight pressure.

5) Equipment with hydraulic devices, except for throttling, other hydraulic valves are not allowed to be adjusted privately.

6) The thickness of the shear sheet of the hydraulic pendulum shears [2] should be determined according to the relationship between the ultimate strength of the sheet and the thickness of the sheet. [1]

3. After working, the upper blade should be placed on the bottom position.

Before operation, wear tight protective clothing, the cuffs are fastened, the bottom of the shirt cannot be opened, and it is not allowed to wear, take off and change clothes next to the operating machine tool, or wrap around the body to prevent machine injuries. Must wear a hard hat, braid should be put into the hat, do not wear skirts, slippers.

Shearing machine operators must be familiar with the main structure, performance and use of the shearing machine.

The shearing machine is suitable for cutting all kinds of steel plates, copper plates, aluminum plates and non-metallic material plates whose thickness is rated by the machine tool, and must be materials without hard marks, welding slag, slag inclusion and weld seams, and no excess thickness is allowed.

The use of the shearing machine: according to the thickness of the material to be cut, adjust the gap of the blade; Adjust the mold or fixture according to the width of the material to be cut; Before the operation of the shearing machine, make 1-3 empty strokes, and the shearing work can be implemented after normal.

If the machine is found to be running abnormally, the power supply should be cut off immediately.

When adjusting the machine tool, the power supply must be cut off, and the safety of the hand should be paid attention to when moving the workpiece.

Each part of the shearing machine should be constantly lubricated, and the operator should fill the lubricating oil once per shift, and the mechanic should fill the lubricating oil once every six months for the rolling bearing part.

Attention to use

1 Start the plate shearing machine to idle for a number of cycles, to ensure that under normal circumstances, the test cut different thickness of the plate, from thin to thick. Ensure that the user is familiar with the performance of the shearing machine.

2 Different blade gaps must be adjusted for different plate thicknesses during test cutting. If the corresponding blade clearance is not adjusted, the blade durability will be affected.

3 In the shearing process, turn on the pressure gauge switch and observe the oil pressure value. When cutting 12mm plate, the pressure should be less than 20MPa. This remote pressure regulator No9, the factory pressure set 20-22mpa, the user must comply with this regulation, shall not cut the material surface to increase the pressure, resulting in machine damage.

4 Sound balance during operation. If the shearing machine has noise, it should be stopped for inspection.

5 When the temperature of the oil tank is raised <60 degrees, the machine will shut down and rest.

maintenance

1 Operate in strict accordance with the operating procedures;

2 Before each startup, add lubricating oil at a fixed time, fixed point and quantitatively according to the requirements of the lubrication chart, and the oil should be clean without precipitation;

3. The machine tool must always be kept clean and the unpainted part anti-rust grease; [3]

4 The lubricating oil in the motor bearing should be replaced and filled regularly, and often check whether the electrical part of the work is normal, safe and reliable;

5 Regularly check whether the triangle belt, handle, knob, button is damaged, serious wear should be replaced in time, and report spare parts supplement; [3]

6. Check and repair switches, safety and handles regularly to ensure that they work reliably;

7. Lubricate and scrub the machine tools 10 minutes before work every day;

8 Non-designated personnel are strictly prohibited from operating the equipment, and people must stop leaving the aircraft.

Technical requirement

Shearing machine is a kind of cutting equipment widely used in machining, it can cut various thickness of steel plate materials. The commonly used shearing machine is divided into three types: flat shear, rolling shear and vibration shear. Flat shears are used a lot. The shearing thickness of less than 10mm is mostly mechanical transmission, and the shearing thickness of more than 10mm is hydraulic transmission. Single or continuous cutting of metal is usually done by foot or button operation. When operating the shearing machine, pay attention to:

1 Before work, carefully check whether the shearing machine parts are normal, whether the electrical equipment is intact, and whether the lubrication system is smooth; Remove tools, measuring tools and other debris and corner waste placed on and around the table.

2 Do not operate the shearing machine alone, 2-3 people should be coordinated to feed, control dimensional accuracy and take materials, etc., and determine the unified command by 1 person.

3 According to the specified thickness of the cutting plate, adjust the scissors gap of the shearing machine. Do not cut two different specifications, different materials of sheet material at the same time; Do not stack and cut. The surface of the cut sheet is required to be flat, and the narrow sheet that cannot be compressed is not allowed to be cut.

4 The belt, flywheel, gear, shaft and other moving parts of the shearing machine must be installed with protective cover.

5 The finger of the shearing machine operator should be kept at least 200mm away from the scissors mouth and away from the pressing device. The protective bars placed on the scissor trigger should not block the operator's eyes from seeing the cutting site. The waste generated after the operation is angular, and the operator should remove it in time to prevent being stabbed and cut.

6 The flywheel, gear, shaft, tape and other moving parts of the shearing machine should be protected.

7 Place a fence to prevent the operator's hands from entering the scissor drop area. It is strictly forbidden to pick up waste materials on the ground when working, so as not to be hurt by falling workpieces.

8 Do not cut the quenched material, and never allow cutting to exceed the working capacity of the shears.

Trouble shooting

1 Ask the equipment operator to understand the operating status of the hydraulic system equipment of the shearing machine. Including: whether the hydraulic system of the shearing machine works normally; Hydraulic pump has no abnormal phenomenon; Hydraulic oil test cleanliness time and results; Filter element cleaning and replacement; Whether the hydraulic components were adjusted before the failure occurred; Whether the sealing element has been replaced; What abnormal phenomena have occurred in the hydraulic system of the shearing machine before and after the failure; What failures have occurred in the system in the past and how to eliminate them need to be understood one by one.

2 Look at the actual working conditions of the hydraulic system of the shearing machine, and observe whether there are problems with system pressure, speed, oil, leakage, vibration, etc.

3 Listen to the sound of the hydraulic system of the shearing machine, such as: impact sound; Pump noise and abnormal sound; Determine whether the hydraulic system is working normally.

4 Touch the temperature rise, vibration, crawling and tightness of the joint to determine whether the moving parts of the hydraulic system of the shearing machine are normal.

Correct purchase

During the purchase period, the following points should be noted:

1 According to their own demand parameters, determine the specifications of the purchase of the machine, but also take into account the future expansion of the enterprise after the demand to leave a certain margin to determine the parameters of the machine. Especially the shearing machine, for the thickness of the shear material requirements range, the size of the slitting machine in the slitting, etc., after the model parameters of the machine are determined, you can contact the manufacturer to buy.

2 Confirm which manufacturers to buy the machine production, in this link, is often the most easy to ignore, because no matter which manufacturer is contacted, basically the manufacturer will tell the professional production of the model of the product, in fact, different manufacturers often produce different models, manufacturers often through the transfer of goods to provide various models of products. Therefore, users should pay special attention to choose the best one for themselves.

3 After contacting a number of enterprises that produce machines, and obtaining the price, parameters, payment and payment methods of the machine, the most important step is to choose the manufacturer to buy. Generally choose a trusted manufacturer after removing the highest and lowest prices, so as to obtain a better cost performance, while ensuring quality and after-sales service.

4 Select several special manufacturers for comparison, and learn more about the use of machine tools purchased around, machine quality, especially after-sales service. Comprehensive consideration, choose the best price, the best service manufacturers.

5 After determining the manufacturer, the next step is to sign the contract to pay the deposit, take delivery or pay on delivery and other related matters.